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Since the dawn of time men have needed to create passages to cross various natural obstacles such as rivers, streams or ditches. For this they had to build wooden bridges, stone bridges … until those we know today.
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They serve as a basis for the future structure and should not be underestimated. The foundations have the function of distributing various loads of the bridge (mass, weight, overload, forces …) in an efficient manner and that according to the nature of the ground hosting the structure. Indeed, the characteristics of the environment will guide the technical decisions and the process to be put in place.
The superficial foundations: These foundations are preferred for bridges whose level is close to that of the ground because in this case structures are subject to reduced constraints compared to the wind and their gravity. It is also essential that the rocks receiving the structure are sound, undecomposed and not heavily cracked.
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Whatever the number of supports (abutments and piles) necessary for the construction of the bridge, they will all be mounted simultaneously on both sides of the shores. Usually made of concrete, these supports are either cast in place, or prefabricated in a factory and then assembled on site.
Because of the final weight of the structure, the greater or smaller distance between each pile and the final aim of the structure, it is often impossible to use concrete for the construction of the deck which, over great distances, collapses even sometimes under its own weight and of its traffic.